Some early rods were built from greenheart, bethabara, hickory, ironwood, or lancewood. Split bamboo proved superior so the “wooden rods” disappeared although I believe there are still some [url=http://clanrods.com/greenheart.htm:3c389]greenheart[/url:3c389] builders out there in the UK.
I believe ash and cedar were used as well. Hoagy Charmichael listed off a bunch of the different woods that were used in his appearance in the “Trout Grass” movie. Definitely worth watching. Also, I seem to remember seeing an article in FR&R a while back about a fly tyer that was making his own wooden rods, as well as some brass/wood reels.
Not exactly history but I have a rod I purchased new a few years back off of ebay. It was something the builder was experimenting with and it had a wooden butt section, hickory I think, and a graphite tip section. It was designed to be light weight and still have a slow bamboo-like action. It is a 6’ 2wt and works very well for small stream dry fly fishing. I used it in those situations fairly often until I puchased a restored HI Princess last year.