All of the above and them some.

Clouser Minnows work well from 'do nothing' retrieves to violent quick retrieves and everything in between.

The fish have to vote on what they wan't however. Different species may prefer different retrieves and even a specific species may prefer different retrieves at different times or conditions.

I have caught fish dead drifting them, dragging them through the mud, letting them free fall, and ripping them through the water by sweeping the rod.

A stop and go retrieve is always a good place to start to take advantage of the jigging action of the fly. Attaching the fly to tippet with a loop knot like the non-slip mono loop knot enhances this behavior.