I guess this group of suggestions is based on the flies I typically tie so there may be other feathers worth plucking too.
1)The barred, tan/black, with the black/white tips. Found above and along the shoulder of the wing. Mostly for salmon flies and a few trout flies.
2)The flank or 'lemon' that are tan/brown and found under the barred. Mostly trout flies.
3)The wings for the 'primaries' used for 'quill' trout wings and also the small feathers for 'soft hackle' flies.
4)The breast feathers that are brown or white for fan-wing trout flies.
5)The 'cdc' feathers off of the butt area on the preen gland.

You can also skin the duck, clean it and properly dry it intact, and keep everything together and pluck as needed. However that takes more preparation time.

Allan