Thats NOT what that study stated unless you only read the uppermost portion. And as one responder stated...he would rather take a chance protecting himself with a firearm than by using "spray" that can even be blown away by a moderate wind.
While I personally believe that "protecting" onseself from a bear using a handgun is futile..almost laughable....when "he" is chewing on my leg...Im pumping 6 or 7 rounds in him at that close of distance